The Italic tribe known as the Latins formed the Roman Kingdom, which eventually became a republic that conquered and assimilated other nearby civilisations. Since classical times, ancient Phoenicians, Carthaginians and Greeks established settlements in the south of Italy, with Etruscans and Celts inhabiting the centre and the north of Italy respectively and various ancient Italian tribes and Italic peoples dispersed throughout the Italian Peninsula and insular Italy. With around 61 million inhabitants it is the fourth most populous EU member state. Due to its shape, it is often referred to in Italy as lo Stivale (the Boot). Italy covers an area of 301,338 km 2 (116,347 sq mi) and has a largely temperate seasonal and Mediterranean climate. Located in the heart of the Mediterranean Sea, Italy shares open land borders with France, Switzerland, Austria, Slovenia, San Marino and Vatican City. Italy ( / ˈ ɪ t ə l iː/ I-tə-lee Italian: Italia ( listen)), officially the Italian Republic (Italian: Repubblica italiana), is a unitary parliamentary republic in Europe. eu domain is also used, as it is shared with other European Union member states.
The euro is accepted in Campione d'Italia but its official currency is the Swiss franc. German is co-official in South Tyrol French is co-official in the Aosta Valley Slovene is co-official in the province of Trieste and the province of Gorizia Ladin is co-official in South Tyrol, in Trentino and in other northern areas.
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